To meet the requirements of overcurrent protection for industrial equipment, a modular design-based electronic circuit solution is proposed, aiming to achieve precise current detection and rapid protection response. The modular design architecture integrates current sensing amplifier, hysteresis comparator and relay to function collaboratively. The current sensing amplifier is used to achieve signal acquisition with 0.1 mA level accuracy, the hysteresis comparator is used to set the protection threshold, and the solid-state relay is used to control the circuit's on-off. The experimental results show that when the current exceeds the set threshold, the circuit completes the disconnection action within 10 ms, and remains open even when the threshold current drops below the threshold, thereby avoiding false recovery. After multiple cycle tests, the protection action accuracy rate reaches 98.4%, effectively eliminating potential damage to the equipment caused by multiple overcurrents. This study provides an innovative solution for high-precision current protection in industrial applications.