针对SSI绝对值编码器传统检测效率低、误判率高的问题，本文提出一种基于FPGA的自动化缺陷检测系统。系统采用FPGA与STM32双处理器协同架构：FPGA实现SSI通信解析、数据采集及跳码、回码、死码等异常检测，STM32负责步进电机控制与人机交互。结合编码增量自适应阈值算法与高速缓存逻辑，实现编码器输出的实时分析与异常判定。实验结果表明，系统在最高2MHz通信速率下仍保持99%以上检测准确率，并具备良好的抗干扰能力和多类型编码器适应性。该装置为工业现场编码器的高效、可靠检测及质量控制提供了一种低成本、高性能的解决方案。

To address the low efficiency and high false positive rates of traditional SSI absolute encoder testing, this paper presents an FPGA-based automated defect detection system. The system adopts a dual-processor architecture, integrating an FPGA and an STM32 microcontroller. The FPGA performs SSI communication parsing, data acquisition, and real-time detection of anomalies such as skipping, looping, and dead codes, while the STM32 handles stepper motor control and user interaction. An adaptive threshold algorithm based on encoder increments, combined with cache logic, enables accurate and timely analysis of encoder outputs. Experimental results demonstrate that the system achieves over 99% detection accuracy even at a communication rate of 2 MHz, exhibiting strong resistance to interference and compatibility with multiple encoder types. The proposed system offers a cost-effective, high-performance solution for efficient and reliable encoder inspection and quality control in industrial applications.