摘要
在180nm CMOS工艺节点下,标准单元库的多目标优化仍高度依赖SPICE仿真,导致严重的计算瓶颈。单次SPICE瞬态分析耗时约100 ms,典型库优化需10 000次以上迭代,8核并行仍需约2.1分钟。本文提出一种轻量级混合数据集替代模型框架,通过25个真实PySpice仿真样本(GF180MCU PDK)与130个开源基准数据融合,构建总计155样本的高效数据集。对比8种机器学习架构后,MLP模型在精度-速度权衡中表现最优(功耗预测R²=0.8734,延迟预测R²=0.9521),单次推理时间仅1μs,实现较传统SPICE约1 000 00倍加速。跨单元零样本测试显示平均R²达0.6746,仅需15个额外SPICE样本微调即可进一步提升性能。工业ROI分析表明,对于50人设计团队,设计周期从2.1分钟缩短至0.5分钟,3年累计净收益可观,ROI高达200–300%以上。本方法为AI驱动的电路设计自动化提供了可部署、高性价比的解决方案,具有显著工程价值与经济效益。
Abstract
At the 180 nm CMOS process node, multi-objective optimization of standard-cell libraries still relies heavily on SPICE simulation, resulting in severe computational bottlenecks. A single transient analysis typically takes ~100 ms; a typical library optimization requiring over 10 000 iterations consumes approximately 2.1 minutes even with 8-core parallelization. This paper proposes a lightweight surrogate modeling framework that constructs a hybrid dataset of only 155 samples by fusing 25 high-fidelity PySpice simulations (GF180MCU PDK) with 130 open-source benchmark points. After systematically comparing eight machine-learning architectures, the multi-layer perceptron (MLP) model achieves the best accuracy-speed trade-off (R² = 0.8734 for power and 0.9521 for delay) with an inference time of only 1μs, delivering approximately 1 00 000× acceleration over conventional SPICE. Zero-shot cross-cell generalization yields an average R² of 0.6746; fine-tuning with merely 15 additional SPICE samples per new cell further improves performance. Industrial ROI analysis for a 50-engineer design team shows the design cycle reduced from 2.1 min to 0.5 min, with a 3-year net benefit yielding ROI of 200–300 %. The proposed approach provides a deployable, cost-effective solution for AI-assisted circuit design automation with substantial engineering and economic value.
关键词
替代模型 /
混合数据集 /
标准单元优化 /
机器学习 /
EDA加速 /
工业ROI
Key words
Surrogate model /
hybrid dataset /
standard-cell optimization /
machine learning /
EDA acceleration /
industrial ROI
陈家钦, 邵峰.
180nm CMOS标准单元轻量级代理模型优化研究
—— 融合真实SPICE仿真与开源基准数据的方法[J]. 集成电路与嵌入式系统. 0 https://doi.org/10.20193/j.ices2097-4191.2026.0045
chen qin jia, shao feng.
Optimization of Lightweight Surrogate Models for 180 nm CMOS Standard Cells: Integrating Real SPICE Simulations with Open-Source Benchmark Data[J]. Integrated Circuits and Embedded Systems. 0 https://doi.org/10.20193/j.ices2097-4191.2026.0045
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