针对低空飞行器对高机动性、强干扰环境的适应需求，其惯性导航系统对核心传感单元的精度与可靠性提出了严苛要求。选择光纤陀螺作为惯性导航系统的核心传感单元时，陀螺内部信号处理链路对模/数转换器提出了高速、宽动态范围、小型化及强环境鲁棒性的要求。基于对光纤陀螺中常用的进口ADC芯片AD9245实现国产替换的考虑，设计了一款14位采样精度、40 MSa/s转换速率的流水线模/数转换器，与AD9245相比，设计特色在于：①面向光纤陀螺的应用需求，重点考虑了ADC在复杂环境下的高稳定性及鲁棒性；②将差分输入摆幅与共模电平解耦为两个独立的可调参量，适配不同前端驱动电路，提升ADC在光纤陀螺中的通用性；③设计了覆盖流水线各级偏置电流、采样保持与首级放大器、时钟延时、非交叠时间、片上稳压器及参考电压的全链路模拟域多参数可编程修调机制，可以提升针对不同光路、算法的组合适配性。所设计电路采用130 nm CMOS工艺实现流片验证，测试结果表明：在40 MS/s采样率、输入信号为10 MHz时，模/数转换器的信噪比SNR为65.91 dB，无杂散动态范围SFDR为78.87 dBc，有效位数为10.66，工作时整体功耗为369 mW。所设计的模/数转换器提供了面向光纤陀螺闭环调制系统的国产化方案，可在低空飞行器惯性导航中提供高可靠的数据转换。

Low-altitude aircraft operating under highly dynamic flight conditions and strong interference environments impose stringent requirements on the accuracy and reliability of inertial navigation systems （INSs） and their core sensing units. When a fiber optic gyroscope （FOG） is selected as the core sensing unit of the inertial navigation system， the internal signal processing chain of the gyroscope requires the analog-to-digital converter （ADC） to provide high speed， wide dynamic range， miniaturization， and robust environmental resilience. To replace the imported ADC chip AD9245 commonly employed in fiber optic gyroscopes， this paper presents a 14-bit， 40 MSa/s pipelined analog-to-digital converter to satisfy the aforementioned system-level application requirements. Compared with the AD9245， this proposed design： （1） prioritizes high robustness under complex environments as its primary design objective to satisfy the application requirements of FOGs； （2） decouples the differential input swing and the common-mode level into two independently adjustable parameters， accommodating various front-end drivers and improving ADC versatility in FOG systems； and （3） implements a full-link analog-domain programmable trimming scheme covering the bias currents of all pipeline stages， the sample-and-hold （S/H） and front-end amplifier， clock delay， non-overlapping timing， on-chip LDO， and reference voltage， enhancing adaptability to different optical paths and algorithms..Fabricated and verified in a 130 nm CMOS process， the measured results demonstrate that at a 40 MSa/s sampling rate with a 10 MHz input signal， the ADC achieves a signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） of 65.91 dB， a spurious-free dynamic range （SFDR） of 78.87 dBc， an effective number of bits （ENOB） of 10.66 bits， with a total power consumption of 369 mW. The proposed ADC provides a domestic solution for the closed-loop modulation system of fiber optic gyroscopes， offering highly reliable data conversion for inertial navigation in low-altitude aircraft.