面向人形机器人关节驱动对高功率密度、高效率、快速响应及高可靠性的需求，本文系统综述了电机栅极驱动芯片的关键技术与发展趋势。首先分析不同关节在功率、电压及控制性能方面的差异化需求，并比较硅基与GaN功率器件的技术特点；随后围绕开关速率与电磁干扰、死区时间优化、信号传输速率与共模抗扰能力、功率密度与散热集成四类矛盾，梳理有源栅极驱动、死区优化、高可靠性信号传输、单片集成及智能感知等可行性较高的技术。最后总结各类关节的技术路线，并指出高频化、集成化、智能化和专用化将成为未来发展方向。

To meet the demands of humanoid robot joint actuation for high power density, high efficiency, fast response, and high reliability, this paper systematically reviews the key technologies and development trends of motor gate driver ICs. It first analyzes the differentiated requirements of various joints in terms of power, voltage, and control performance, and compares the technical characteristics of silicon-based and GaN power devices. Then, focusing on four major trade-offs—switching speed versus electromagnetic interference, dead-time optimization, signal transmission rate versus common-mode transient immunity, and power density versus thermal integration—it surveys promising technologies including active gate driving, dead-time optimization, high-reliability signal transmission, monolithic integration, and intelligent sensing. Finally, it summarizes the technology roadmaps for different joint types and points out that high-frequency operation, integration, intelligence, and specialization will be the future development directions.