电力设备中的断路器、隔离开关等一次设备与二次控保设备距离越来越小,由于一次设备操作而引起的电磁场环境突变,降低了二次设备的可靠性。例如变电站中的隔离开关在合闸和分闸时会产生瞬态强电磁脉冲,该脉冲所携带的部分能量与暴露在二次设备外部的线缆耦合,流入设备内部并对其中的电子元器件造成电磁干扰,严重时器件失效并导致设备工作异常。为探明其电磁耦合机理,本文汇总整理了不同电压等级的变电站因开关操作所产生的瞬态电磁场,提取出电磁脉冲的特征波形,利用有界波模拟器在实验室环境下近似再现了特征波形,并对线缆在有界波模拟器中的摆放形态进行了全波仿真分析,揭示了线缆摆放角度对电磁耦合的影响,为电力芯片在复杂电磁场环境下开展可靠性检测提供了理论基础。

The breaker,disconnector and other primary equipment in power equipment are getting closer to the secondary equipment.The sudden change of the electromagnetic field caused by switching operations of the primary equipment reduces the reliability of the secondary equipment.For example,the opening and closing operations of the disconnector in the substation generate strong transient electromagnetic pulses.Part of the energy carried by the electromagnetic pulse couples with the cable which is exposed outside of the secondary equipment,flows into the equipment,and interferes with the internal electronic devices.In severe cases,the strong transient electromagnetic pulses lead the device to fail and the equipment to work abnormally.In order to clarify the coupling mechanism of the electromagnetic pulse to the cable,the transient electromagnetic field generated by the switching operation of the disconnector in different voltage-level substations are measured in situ and collected,and the typical waveform of the pulse is extracted and reproduced approximately by a bounded-wave simulator in laboratory.The influence of the cable placement angle on electromagnetic coupling to the cable in bounded wave simulator is studied,which provides a reliability testing theory for chips worked in complex electromagnetic environment.