Optimization of Lightweight Surrogate Models for 180 nm CMOS Standard Cells: Integrating Real SPICE Simulations with Open-Source Benchmark Data

chen qin jia, shao feng

Integrated Circuits and Embedded Systems ›› 0

Integrated Circuits and Embedded Systems ›› 0 DOI: 10.20193/j.ices2097-4191.2026.0045

Optimization of Lightweight Surrogate Models for 180 nm CMOS Standard Cells: Integrating Real SPICE Simulations with Open-Source Benchmark Data

  • chen qin jia, shao feng
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Abstract

At the 180 nm CMOS process node, multi-objective optimization of standard-cell libraries still relies heavily on SPICE simulation, resulting in severe computational bottlenecks. A single transient analysis typically takes ~100 ms; a typical library optimization requiring over 10 000 iterations consumes approximately 2.1 minutes even with 8-core parallelization. This paper proposes a lightweight surrogate modeling framework that constructs a hybrid dataset of only 155 samples by fusing 25 high-fidelity PySpice simulations (GF180MCU PDK) with 130 open-source benchmark points. After systematically comparing eight machine-learning architectures, the multi-layer perceptron (MLP) model achieves the best accuracy-speed trade-off (R² = 0.8734 for power and 0.9521 for delay) with an inference time of only 1μs, delivering approximately 1 00 000× acceleration over conventional SPICE. Zero-shot cross-cell generalization yields an average R² of 0.6746; fine-tuning with merely 15 additional SPICE samples per new cell further improves performance. Industrial ROI analysis for a 50-engineer design team shows the design cycle reduced from 2.1 min to 0.5 min, with a 3-year net benefit yielding ROI of 200–300 %. The proposed approach provides a deployable, cost-effective solution for AI-assisted circuit design automation with substantial engineering and economic value.

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Surrogate model / hybrid dataset / standard-cell optimization / machine learning / EDA acceleration / industrial ROI

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chen qin jia, shao feng. Optimization of Lightweight Surrogate Models for 180 nm CMOS Standard Cells: Integrating Real SPICE Simulations with Open-Source Benchmark Data[J]. Integrated Circuits and Embedded Systems. 0 https://doi.org/10.20193/j.ices2097-4191.2026.0045

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