Aiming at the needs of real-time sound source localization and ultrasonic testing, a high-speed acoustic signal acquisition and processing system based on Zynq is designed.The system uses Zynq-7000 series SoC as the main control chip, and uses its PL (Programmable Logic) resources to design an acquisition interface circuit, DMA storage and a high-order on-chip adaptive filtering algorithm module.Use its PS (ARM processing system) resources to develop the Ethernet transmission part, and external control module.Then carry out hardware design to complete the four-channel 50 MHz sampling rate high-speed acoustic signal acquisition and processing system of the LVDS transmission protocol.The system has been verified by simulation and experiments.It meets real-time requirements.It has the advantages of fast processing speed, low power consumption.It has broad application prospects in the field of real-time sound source localization and ultrasonic testing.